@Article{Awile:2014:PWF,
  author =       "Omar Awile and Ivo F. Sbalzarini",
  title =        "A pthreads wrapper for {Fortran} 2003",
  journal =      "{ACM} Transactions on Mathematical Software",
  volume =       40,
  number =       3,
  year    =      2014,
  month   =      apr,
  pages =        "19:1--19:15",
  url =          "http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/2558889",
  accepted =     "31 October 2013",
  abstract =     "
                  With the advent of multicore processors, numerical and
                  mathematical software relies on parallelism in order to
                  benefit from hardware performance increases. We present the
                  design and use of a Fortran 2003 wrapper for POSIX threads,
                  called forthreads. Forthreads is complete in the sense that
                  is provides native Fortran 2003 interfaces to all pthreads
                  routines where this is possible. We demonstrate the use
                  and efficiency of forthreads for SIMD parallelism and task
                  parallelism. We present forthreads/MPI implementations that
                  enable hybrid shared-/distributed-memory parallelism in
                  Fortran 2003. Our benchmarks show that forthreads offers
                  performance comparable to that of OpenMP, but better thread
                  control and more freedom. We demonstrate the latter
                  by presenting a multi-threaded Fortran 2003 library for
                  POSIX internet sockets, enabling interactive numerical
                  simulations with run-time control.",
}